The third layer focuses on the Fascist Regime’s manipulation of Rome through the demolition and construction of the city’s streets, buildings, exhibits, and spectacles – all of which were created as embodiments of Fascist ideology and demonstrations of the regime’s ability to complete projects previous leaders had only talked about. The sites pictured here speak to the values of sport, education, and nationalism that were openly embraced by the regime as an attempt to display the power and durability of Fascism. The sterile, minimalistic aesthetics of these new modern structures holds a striking contrast to the historic buildings that traditionally populated the city, creating an identifiable architectural language connected to the regime. The development of this modern Fascist-era architectural style was used as a form of manipulation – one that masked its isolationist and revisionist ideology and advertised itself to the world with the modern aesthetics of innovation and progress. However, many of these elements were simply appropriations of the forms and materials seen throughout Rome’s history; they were attempts by Mussolini to equate himself to the great rulers of the past and their monumental structures. The conspicuous Fascist iconography that remains on many of these buildings is evidence that he succeeded in creating a deep-rooted architectural legacy for himself. This demonstrates the extent to which urban fabric is shaped by policy, and leads us to consider how history is strategically presented to us, both in and outside the historical context of Rome.